In the last years, the release technology of C. The production of such vast amounts of parasitoids is accomplished mainly by small private laboratories and sugarcane mills bio-factories. As a comparison, the combined area treated with these two parasitoids is larger than Belgium and Slovenia together. galloi (egg parasitoid), both agents for control of D. flavipes (larval parasitoid) and about 2 million hectares 1 are treated with T. Today, about 3.5 million hectares 1 are treated with C. flavipes and also Trichogramma galloi are employed at a high rate.
For this reason we will only discuss biological solutions for pests and diseases.Ĭurrent mainstream bio-solution in this crop Macrobials Macrobials such as mentioned C. However, there is currently no use of biological control in the herbicide sector, which is thought to be as much as 50% of the market in sugarcane. The biocontrol share of the conventional crop protection market in sugarcane (thought to be around USD 1,4 billions 3 in 2020) can still be considered low. Projections to 2021 indicate a market size of R$ 352 millions 2. The Brazilian biopesticide market in sugarcane is estimated to be worth around R$ 264 millions 2 (USD 51,26 millions) in 2020 with continued very strong growth. What started as a modest market with sugarcane mills establishing their own laboratories for the production of parasitoids, is now a booming market with the presence of big multinational chemical companies, startups and medium size enterprises. Market overview of sugarcane biocontrol in Brazil, market value, trends Brazilian sugarcane has one of the oldest biocontrol programs since the 1970s 1 with the use of the parasitoid Cotesia flavipes for the control of the sugarcane borer ( Diatraea saccharalis). There was an increase in the market for insecticides due to the expansion of Sphenophorus levis, as well fungicides against soil borne and foliar diseases. However, more recently with the mechanization of planting and harvesting systems other pests and diseases are gaining relevance. The sugarcane borer Diatraea saccharalis, the rootshopper Mahanarva fimbriolata and the nematodes from the genera Meloidogyne and Pratylenchus, are long ago acknowledged as major problems. Some of them stand out because of the frequency in which they occur and also for the damages they cause. Due to these factors this agroecosystem becomes convenient to the attack of different pests and diseases. The crop cycle is also long, varying usually between 10 and 18 months. It is cultivated extensively and in continuous areas in several regions. According to the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) sugarcane is cultivated in around 10 million hectares in Brazil. The major pests and diseases which affect the production of sugarcane. Natural substances of mineral, plant or animal origin Microbials (viruses, bacteria or fungi that outcompete or control pests and diseases) Macrobials (beneficial insects, mites and nematodes that control other insects and mites) There are 4 categories of approaches to biological control based on the use of control agents such as: Because bioprotectants have their origins in nature they have minimal impact in the environment and intend to cause no harm to humans.
However, the International Biocontrol Manufacturers Association (IBMA) proposes the use of the term bioprotectants. Biocontrol technologies have different definitions, such as biopesticides for example. Biocontrol comprises using living organisms or natural substances to prevent or reduce damage against unwanted organisms including pests and pathogens. This situation has been gradually changing with higher adoption of sustainable methods of control such as biocontrol. For a long period, chemical products were the most widespread control measure among Brazilian growers. Sugarcane yields have been rigorously abridged by enormous number of insect pests and diseases.
Brazil is by far the biggest sugarcane producer in the world.
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